Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Essay on Religious Tradition of Nirvana in Hinduism and...

The word nirvana is heard pretty often. For example, people might say theyve achieved nirvana when theyre really happy or they might talk about going to nirvana as an eternal reward after death. Then, of course, there’s the rock band who adopted the term Nirvana with a certain amount of irony. Furthermore, the word is fully imbedded in the modern vocabulary. But in reality, to most people in ¬ the Western world, religious nirvana is a total mystery. Both known religious traditions Hinduism and Buddhism focus on liberation from the endless cycle of rebirth and death and the suffering that comes with that cycle – known as samsara. However, there are important distinctions in how the two traditions view this liberation. Many associate†¦show more content†¦On the surface, the Noble Eightfold Path ideals are incredibly vague and theyre open to almost any interpretation. Buddhist sects view them differently, but generally follow the path by approaching the world wi th patience and joy, compassion, and contemplating the universe through meditation. The fundamental goals are to foster meditation (dhyana), morality (shila), and wisdom (prajna). The Buddha traveled all over India and attracted many disciples. After Buddha’s death, 500 of his closest disciples formed a council and created a canon of Buddha’s words. It is believed that the physical appearance of a being has a direct connection to a person’s spiritual attainments. Nirvana is believed to be the final ending of suffering and is a state beyond the cycle of birth and death. Buddhism’s liberation from samsara is known as nirvana which literally means blowing out or extinction, like quenching a flame. In Buddhist teaching, humans are bound to samsara through the flames of anger, ignorance and desire. So when one attains nirvana, one quenches anger (which focuses on the past), ignorance (which focuses on the present) and desire (which focuses on the future). In Buddhism, humans escape life and death by quenching all the anger, ignorance and desire while the physical body may still be alive. This is why Buddhists speak of rebirth rather than reincarnation. Nirvana is

Monday, December 16, 2019

Physician Assisted Suicide And The United States - 1905 Words

Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States Jacob Lutgen Fort Hays State University Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is a topic that hits home to many people, both in the United States and across the world. Currently, five states have legalized physician-assisted suicide in the United States and it is crucial that every state reconsiders their stance on the issue. Each state needs to look at the pros and cons, as well as the implications of their decision on their stance on physician-assisted suicide. Citizens also have a critical role, as they must tell their legislators their stance on physician-assisted suicide so that the legislators can properly represent their states. This paper looks to show the major arguments for both the groups that support physician-assisted suicide as well as the groups that oppose physician-assisted suicide, while also taking other issues into consideration, such as different pressures legalization of physician-assisted suicide would have on different demographics. Although controversial, physician-assisted suicide laws affect thousands of people across the country annually. Physician-assisted suicide is the process in which a doctor prescribes a lethal dose of medication, usually painkillers or sedatives, to a patient to end their own life (Euthanasia Glossary, 1999; United States, n.d.). In many states in which physician-assisted suicide is legal, the patient must be at least eighteen years old, terminally ill and haveShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide Across The United States Essay2115 Words   |  9 PagesLegalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide Across the United States Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) has grown into quite a contentious topic over the years. According to Breitbart and Rosenfeld (1), physician-assisted suicide can be defined as â€Å"a physician providing medications or advice to enable the patient to end his or her own life.† One may find many articles that are written by physicians, pharmacists, patients, and family of patients who receive PAS; from there, it is possible to gain a betterRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Allowed? All Of The United States? Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages Should Physician Assisted Suicide be allowed in all of the United States? That is the topic I will be discussing in my paper. 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Various forms of medically assisted dying and/or assisted suicide for the terminallyRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe process of assisted suicide, or physician-assisted death, is a hotly debated topic that still remains at the forefront of many national discussions today. Assisted suicide can be described as the suicide of patient by a physician-prescribed dose of legal drugs. The reason that this topic is so widely debated is that it infringes on several moral and religious values that many people in the United States have. But, regardless of the way that people feel, a person’s right to live is guaranteedRead MoreAssisted Suicide Is Not Common For All Areas Throughout The United States890 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted Suicide Imagine being diagnosed with a life-ending disease and experiencing such excruciating pain that doctors say cannot be healed. Pain is a terrible thing to experience, especially when it is permanent. What can be done to relieve that pain? What if the only option to rid the pain from the patient is death? No one knows how that feels until it happens to them, that is why assisted suicide is used. Assisted suicide is a practice throughout most of the United States that terminatesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia1348 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is still under scrutiny for a number of reasons. â€Å"In spring, 1996, the Ninth and Second Circuits were the first circuit courts in the country to find a constitutional prohibition against laws which make physician-assisted suicide a crime† (Martyn Bourguignon, 1997). New York was one of the states that followed this prohibition. Eventually, The Ninth and Second Circuit, â€Å"allow physician-assisted suicide while attempting to protect individuals fromRead MoreThe Ethics Of Assisted Suicide1526 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Physician assisted suicide, otherwise noted as â€Å"PAS,† has existed for many years, however has made a controversial appearance in legislation recently. Patients’ and their end of life decisions have shaped the way PAS has been portrayed today. Nurses play an important role in the everyday life of transitioning patients, which places them at the forefront of assisted suicide. Nurses must have clear and defined rules when it applies to assisted suicide, and what they can do if thisRead MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has been debated since the development of medicine. Physician-assisted suicide was first legalized in the United States in Oregon in 1997. (Lachman, 2010). TheRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould-Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal In Every State When it comes to the topic of, should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state, most of us will readily agree that it should be up to a terminally ill person to make that decision. Whereas some are convinced that it is inhumane, others maintain that it is a person’s decision to end their own life. I agree that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in every state because in most cases, people that are terminally ill should have

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Professional Career Development Meticulous Standards

Question: Describe about the Professional Career Development for Meticulous Standards. Answer: Critical Thinking: As per Autio et al. (2014), critical think presupposes approval of meticulous standards of superiority. Critical thinking helps in reflection, planning and analysis of the any critical situation. On easy note, it can be said critical thinking is the ability of an individual to scrutinize the way of thinking. The Moreover, it also facilitates incorporation of the evidences, one can represent as the justification of his idea. Critical thinking is important for the clear and rationale understanding of any activity (Shipton et al. 2016). Critical thinking can work as an asset for the career of a person as it does not restrict the domain of thinking to a particular section. Critical thinking actually evaluates arguments and counterarguments systematically to obtain the most appropriate outcome from any task. As critical analysis results in development of the skill and attitudes it will help to assess the importance of any activity and will relate to the core meaning of the task. Hence, I would like to think critically when there is any crisis regarding the management of the organization. It is difficult to satisfy every requirements and demands of both the customer and authorities in the hospitality industry. I will imply the positivity of critical thinking where my action will fulfill the demand of the customer without violating any prospects of the company. My learning style has developed through the course as it has helped to think in an emphasized way, synthesizing the aspects of the situation. My capability of decision making has been improved. I have become potential in case of resolving any critical situation. Hospitality industry demands continuous responsive and communicative approach towards the clients (Lin et al. 2013); that is why I have focused on the improvement of my communication skill throughout the learning program. I am capable of critical thinking and I have applied it in a context of conflict management. For an instance, during my internship, there was an issue regarding the product quality of an edible item and customer satisfaction; I was supposed to handle the crisis. To resolve the complication, I made a decision to give the customer a privilege of having the food first and later paying the charge for the product (which is not allowed in the organization). As I was sure about the quality of the product I made this critical decision to achieve the loyalty of the customer by satisfying him with the service. Management of career: Management of career is the foundation for any profession as it will help to focus on the future prospect of the profession. Moreover, it will prohibit an individual from losing the sight of the career. There are few steps that can help one to manage the path of the career. First step is to set the clear goal about the career. Page (2014), mentioned that, it is essential for a person to have an idea about the requirement; he wants to set in as his career ambition. Next is the potentiality of thinking differently. Having innovative ideas enhances the creativity quotient of a person that in turns helps in obtaining of the better options to grow in career. Another important aspect for the career management is to get in touch with apt communication system that is career oriented and helps to focus on the career path along with motivating people to improve the personality, knowledge and skill. Edison, Bin Ali and Torkar (2013), suggested that evaluation of the purpose of the profession and reevaluation of the career accordingly to the changed situation is necessary to stay in the competition. Management of the career requires additional effort and time so that analysis of the activities, that have already done, can be revised as well as it allows taking lesson for the improvement of the quality for the further activities in future. This step shapes the career path with the help of its analytical approach. There are no points of argument that internet and online activities have made the every service easier and accessible to the mass. In hospitality industry where interactive behavioral approach is integrated part of an organization to establish its recognition and brand value in the market, online presentation should be done in such a way that attracts maximum audience. It is important to curate the specialties of a particular organization that visualize interesting facts and uniqueness of that particular organization (Camisn and Villar-Lpez 2014). I will gather knowledge about the details for an organization before presenting its features online. I will attempt to represent the company in a way that it will allow clients to understand the services and facilities easily without confusing them. Moreover, I would like to revise my online presence as this approach is only to hold an uninterrupted connection with the clients and service users. It is important to be available while the cus tomer requires the service. I must not consider personal activities during the working schedule to avoid the breaching with the policies and regulation of the company. Self-motivation: Self-motivation is the intrinsic stimulator that drives an individual to stand up to the expectation and requirement (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The main significance of self-motivation is it pushes an individual without involving any external factors to achieve his goals. Self-motivation is the positive aspect of oneself that concerns with the improvement of the skill, knowledge and potential for that particular person. It involves the hope and optimism that energize an individual to pursue his goals in life. Moreover, Mowday, Porter and Steers (2013), mentioned that self-motivation is the factor that made an individual spontaneous towards any opportunity. A task can be completed within limited resource and help by an individual who is passionate and self-motivated enough to complete the task by any means. On an addition, self-motivated people require less management comparing to the people with unclear focus about their career and goals. Apart from that, an employee can be committed to the organization and produce efficiently if he is driven by the self-motivation. Aims can be changed time to time; however, motivation is the ultimate element that makes a person to keep on going to meet his agenda. According to, Ulrich (2013), self-motivated people are not easily influenced by the opinions of others; they only follow the path that leads them to their aims. I am self motivated. I feel motivated when I revise all the positive side of my characteristics. Moreover, I am determined to complete any task, that I have been allocated. If there are any obstacles in the path of my goal, I would deal with it allowing proper analysis of the situation and forward with best possible solution rather just surrendering to the odds. Moreover, any external factors like opinions and judgmental remarks from others do not influence as long as I am aware of my activity and justified purpose behind this. To place an instance I can say that I can start a project or a task without taking any direction from others as I always look forward to complete any task with implementation of innovative ideas. Another important aspect that I always maintain during any work is discipline. Discipline and creativity are the consequence of ones self motivation that shapes the demand and requirement of a person. Moreover, I contribute all my effort and dedication within a task to complete it within expected time and fulfilling all the requirements. Creative thinking and its importance: Creative thinking involves the capability of generation new ideas that can bring uniqueness to any task. Hu et al. (2012), mentioned that, creative thinking involves fresh insight into a problem so that unorthodox suggestion can be obtained. Moreover, both the structured and unstructured factors can influence the creative thinking. Brainstorming and lateral thinking are two components that stimulate creative thinking (Wang, Tsai and Tsai 2014). In the present scenario, both the social and economic situation fluctuates frequently. There are also technological sophistication that has changed the organizational set up along with the requirements and demands. Hence, creativity is required to counter any competition as well as to increase the market value for any organization. Landy and Conte (2016), mentioned that renewal of the strategy and adaption to the new situation is facilitated by the creativity of the thinking. Creativity in the service, products and working approach is the ulti mate way to gain the long term and stable outcome from the growing competition. Hospitality industry is no difference in this context. In this industry market competition has been intensified over years as well as complication and uncertainties have also been increased gradually. Hon, Bloom and Crant (2014), mentioned that, creativity in thinking and implementation of the planning does not only impact the performance of an organization it also influence the survival of the company in the critical social, political and economic condition. If a company fails to innovate new ideas and strategies to hold the market share the existence of the company can come under question. In hospitality industry companies always try to come up with new service, packages and products; hence to counter these strategies creativity in the organizational planning and its implement is necessary (Schaufeli and Taris 2014). I would like to put my creative thinking to enhance the quality of the service without affecting the costing and other expenses of the organization. Transferable skills and Analysis of strength and weakness: Transferable skills can be defined as the ability to flow the skill across different areas of operation (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain 2014). It involves rapid action on a particular situation; thus, shifting of the strategies and implementation of the procedures from other task is required here. An individual must give quick and active response to a situation that is different from the one; the person is currently involved de (Arajo Burcharth, Knudsen and Sndergaard, 2014). Transferable skills may also include coordination of the skills and knowledge required for two different tasks. Transferable skills are effective when organized and composed behavioral approach is required. Analysis of the strength and weakness of an individual is pivotal for the assessment of the potentiality along with the identification of the areas, those a person is required to develop. As per my concern one of my strong point is I am self-motivated; intrinsic drive from within helps me to continue my task until the accomplishment. Moreover, I have the capability to think creatively. I am potential of the critical thinking when there is requirement of the analysis of the situation and taking a valid decision. Having the adequate knowledge on the task is important; that is why I try to gather maximum and minute details about any activity prior to the performance. I am flexible with the co-workers when there is team-work needed. I respect the opinion of the others and try to form a decision by compacting it allowing consideration of others point of view. However, there are some weak points that I need to improve. The first one is the communication. I need to develop a communication s kill that is effective; moreover, it is required to obtain the most functional outcome from the communicative approach. In hospitality industry interactive communication is essential as this industry requires direct interaction with the clients. I need to modify the approach to others so that an image can be obtained that supportive, helping and always available for the clients. There are certain qualities that an employer searches for, in an employee. One of the important components is the setting of a goal for the career. The employee must have the idea on what he does want to do in career and how can he achieve it. Moreover, employers also search for an employee who is consistent on his work. Candidates who are responsible and can stand up on the commitment will get priority over others (Yidong and Xinxin 2013). Other components are positive attitude of a person that can influence the productivity of an organization. Hence, employers search for the employees with positive energy that can also be influential for the other employees in an organization. Furthermore, self-motivation is another component that is required to increase the efficiency of a company. As mentioned by, Findlay, Kalleberg and Warhurst (2013), employers like employees where they have to invest fewer amounts of energy and effort for the management of them. People with self-motivation nee d less direction from and assistance and can complete the task in a complicated situation. Candidates must be flexible and adaptive so that they can work successfully in any situation. During any crisis company requires the employees to act accordingly; moreover, in this regard the critical thinking is important. Innovative ideas and ability to critically analysis the situation are two common attributes that are mostly demanded by the employees. Co-operation and its significance in hospitality: Hospitality industry requires cooperative approach as this sector involves various operational components. To make an integrated system across an organization staffs must work in a cooperative manner. Ability to work in a team is another attribute that employees search in an employee. Incapability to work cooperatively can increase conflicts in an organization. Therefore, it is required to obtain a collaborative approach for an employee so that conflict management can be done easily. Furthermore, communication is important aspect for this industry. To hold functional and effective communication employees must work in a united approach. Supportive behavior to each other is required by the employees. Dries et al. (2014), mentioned that cooperation among team helps to suppress ones weakness and obtain successful team performance. To make the service successful cooperation is essential. To obtain the customer satisfaction cooperative management is required among employees. Apart from that, both the quality and quantity of a task depends on the cooperative management of the staffs of an organization. Employers also supervise the quality of cooperative approach in employees. Thus, it is an important factor that can influence the career objectives of an employee. Moreover, cooperation among the employees can be facilitative to complete any task within time. Carnevale and Smith (2013), mentioned that cooperation among the employees can help to accomplish any task with available resources. Accommodation of knowledge and skill regarding any task is increased by the cooperative mentality among the team members. Innovation is an important part that is required for the development and growth of the company; collaboration encourages new ideas from team workers and helps to obtain creative steps to fulfill the requiremen t. Moreover, cooperative approach towards holding an innovative strategy can help an organization to sustain the market in competitive business scenario. Quality of the task can be improvised while employees are putting the efforts cooperatively. The mandatory question: I can contribute to the success of the company and enhance the quality of the service as I am capable of critical analysis. I can be a part of the extended organizational structure as have the potentiality to think creatively for the sake of good and success of the business. Reference List: Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D. and Wright, M., 2014. Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context.Research Policy,43(7), pp.1097-1108. Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of Business Research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Carnevale, A.P. and Smith, N., 2013. Workplace basics: The skills employees need and employers want.Human Resource Development International,16(5), pp.491-501. de Arajo Burcharth, A.L., Knudsen, M.P. and Sndergaard, H.A., 2014. Neither invented nor shared here: The impact and management of attitudes for the adoption of open innovation practices.Technovation,34(3), pp.149-161. Dries, N., Forrier, A., De Vos, A. and Pepermans, R., 2014. Self-perceived employability, organization-rated potential, and the psychological contract.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(5), pp.565-581. Edison, H., Bin Ali, N. and Torkar, R., 2013. Towards innovation measurement in the software industry.Journal of Systems and Software,86(5), pp.1390-1407. Findlay, P., Kalleberg, A.L. and Warhurst, C., 2013. The challenge of job quality.Human Relations,66(4), pp.441-451. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hon, A.H., Bloom, M. and Crant, J.M., 2014. Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), pp.919-941. Hu, Q., Dinev, T., Hart, P. and Cooke, D., 2012. Managing employee compliance with information security policies: The critical role of top management and organizational culture.Decision Sciences,43(4), pp.615-660. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Lamba, S. and Choudhary, N., 2013. Impact of HRM practices on organizational commitment of employees.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(4), pp.407-423. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Lin, H.E., McDonough, E.F., Lin, S.J. and Lin, C.Y.Y., 2013. Managing the exploitation/exploration paradox: The role of a learning capability and innovation ambidexterity.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(2), pp.262-278. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Page, T., 2014. Notions of innovation in healthcare services and products. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,8(3), pp.217-231. Schaufeli, W.B. and Taris, T.W., 2014. A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. InBridging occupational, organizational and public health(pp. 43-68). Springer Netherlands. Shipton, H., Budhwar, P., Sparrow, P. and Brown, A., 2016. Human resource management, innovation and performance: looking across levels. InHuman Resource Management, Innovation and Performance(pp. 1-12). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Wang, C.J., Tsai, H.T. and Tsai, M.T., 2014. Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity.Tourism Management,40, pp.79-89. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson

The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Geography of the Southern Hemisphere and Facts

Geography of the Southern Hemisphere and Facts The Southern Hemisphere is the southern portion or half of the Earth. It begins at the equator at 0 degrees latitude and continues south into higher latitudes until it reaches 90 degrees south, the South Pole in the middle of Antarctica. The word hemisphere itself specifically means half of a sphere, and because the earth is spherical (although it is considered an oblate sphere) a hemisphere is half. Geography and Climate of the Southern Hemisphere In the Northern Hemisphere, the majority of the area is composed of land masses instead of water. In comparison, the Southern Hemisphere has fewer land masses and more water. The South Pacific, South Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and various seas such as the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand and the Weddell Sea near Antarctica make up around 80.9 percent of the Southern Hemisphere. The land comprises only 19.1 percent. The continents making up the Southern Hemisphere include all of Antarctica, around one third of Africa, most of South America, and nearly all of Australia. Because of the large presence of water in the Southern Hemisphere, the climate in the Earths southern half is milder overall than the Northern Hemisphere. In general, water heats and cools more slowly than land so water near any land area usually has a moderating effect on the lands climate. Since water surrounds land in much of the Southern Hemisphere, more of it is moderated than in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere, like the Northern Hemisphere, is also divided into several different regions based on climate. The most prevalent are the southern temperate zone, which runs from the Tropic of Capricorn to the beginning of the Arctic Circle at 66.5 degrees south. This area features a temperate climate which generally has large amounts of precipitation, cold winters, and warm summers. Some countries included in the southern temperate zone include most of Chile, all of New Zealand and Uruguay. The area directly north of the southern temperate zone and lying between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn are known as the tropics- an area which has warm temperatures and precipitation year round. South of the southern temperate zone is the Antarctic Circle and the Antarctic continent. Antarctica, unlike the rest of the Southern Hemisphere, is not moderated by the large presence of water because it is a very large land mass. In addition, it is considerably colder than the Arctic in the Northern Hemisphere for the same reason. Summer in the Southern Hemisphere lasts from around December 21 to the vernal equinox around March 20. Winter lasts from around June 21 to the autumnal equinox around September 21. These dates are due to the Earths axial tilt and from the period of December 21 to March 20, the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, while during the June 21 to September 21 interval, it is tilted away from the sun. The Coriolis Effect and the Southern Hemisphere An important component of physical geography in the Southern Hemisphere is the Coriolis Effect and the specific direction that objects are deflected in Earths southern half. In the southern hemisphere, any object moving over the Earths surface deflects to the left. Because of this, any large patterns in air or water turn counterclockwise south of the equator. For example, there are many large oceanic gyres in the North Atlantic and North Pacific- all of which turn counterclockwise. In the Northern Hemisphere, these directions are reversed because objects are deflected to the right. In addition, the left deflection of objects impacts the flows of air over the Earth. A high-pressure system, for example, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is greater than that of the surrounding area. In the Southern Hemisphere, these move counterclockwise because of the Coriolis Effect. By contrast, low-pressure systems or areas where atmospheric pressure is less than that of the surrounding area move clockwise because of the Coriolis Effect in the Southern Hemisphere. Population and the Southern Hemisphere Because the Southern Hemisphere has less land area than the Northern Hemisphere it should be noted that population is lower in Earths southern half than in the north. The majority of Earths population and its largest cities are in the Northern Hemisphere, although there are large cities such as Lima, Peru, Cape Town, South Africa, Santiago, Chile, and Auckland, New Zealand. Antarctica is the largest landmass in the Southern Hemisphere and it is the worlds largest cold desert. Although it is the largest area of land in the Southern Hemisphere, it is not populated because of its extremely harsh climate and the difficulty of building permanent settlements there. Any human development that has taken place in Antarctica consists of scientific research stations- most of which are operated only during the summer. In addition to people, however, the Southern Hemisphere is incredibly biodiverse as the majority of the worlds tropical rainforests are in this region. For example, the Amazon Rainforest is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere as are biodiverse places such as Madagascar and New Zealand. Antarctica also has a large variety of species adapted to its harsh climates such as emperor penguins, seals, whales and various types of plants and algae.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Marine Herbivores

Marine Herbivores An herbivore is an organism that feeds on plants. These organisms are referred to as herbivorous. An example of a marine herbivore is the manatee. The opposite of an herbivore is a carnivore or meat-eater. Origin of the Term Herbivore The word herbivorous comes from the Latin word herba (a plant) and vorare (devour, swallow), meaning plant-eating. Size Matters Many marine herbivores are small because only a few organisms are adapted well enough to eat phytoplankton, which provides the bulk of the plants in the ocean. Terrestrial herbivores tend to be larger since most of the terrestrial plants are large and can sustain a large herbivore. Two exceptions are manatees and dugongs, large marine mammals who survive primarily on aquatic plants. However, they live in relatively shallow areas, where light is not limited and plants can grow larger.   Advantages and Disadvantages of Being An Herbivore Plants such as phytoplankton are relatively abundant in ocean areas with access to sunlight, such as shallow waters, at the surface of the open ocean, and along the coast. So an advantage of being an herbivore is that food is pretty easy to find. Once it is found, it cant escape like a live animal could. On the disadvantage side, plants are more difficult to digest and more may be needed to provide adequate energy for the herbivore.    Examples of Marine Herbivores Many marine animals are omnivores or carnivores. But there are some marine herbivores that are wells of marine herbivores in various animal groups are listed below. Herbivorous Marine Reptiles: Green sea turtle (who are named for their green fat, which is green because of their plant-based diet)Marine iguanas Herbivorous Marine Mammals: Manatees, as already mentioned above.Dugongs Herbivorous Fish Many tropical reef fish are herbivores. Examples include:   ParrotfishAngelfishTangsBlennies These coral reef herbivores are important to maintaining a healthy balance in a reef ecosystem. Algae can dominate and smother a reef if herbivorous fish arent present to help balance things out by grazing on the algae.  Fish can break down the algae using a gizzard-like stomach, chemicals in their stomach and intestinal microbes. Herbivorous Invertebrates Some gastropods, such as limpets, periwinkles  (e.g., the common periwinkle), and queen conchs. Herbivorous Plankton Some zooplankton species Herbivores and Trophic Levels Trophic levels are the levels at which animals feed. Within these levels, there are producers (autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs).   Autotrophs make their own food, while heterotrophs eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs. In a food chain or food pyramid, the first trophic level belongs to the autotrophs. Examples of autotrophs in the marine environment are marine algae and seagrasses. These organisms make their own food during photosynthesis, which uses energy from the sunlight. Herbivores are found at the second level. These are heterotrophs because they eat the producers. After herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are at the next trophic level, since carnivores eat herbivores, and omnivores eat both herbivores and producers. References and Further Information Cornell University. Herbivory in Fish. Accessed October 31, 2015.Harper, D. Herbivorous.  Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed October 1, 2015.National Geographic.  Autotroph.  Accessed September 29, 2015.Map of Life. Gut fermentation in herbivorous animals. Accessed October 31, 2015.Morrissey, J.F. and J.L. Sumich. 2012. Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life. Jones Bartlett Learning. 466pp.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Globalisation in China Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Globalisation in China - Assignment Example From this study it is clear that the developing countries are said to be beneficial from the international trade as they undertake technological innovation in the process of competing with the developed countries. The trade driven globalization process has created new opportunities for many countries due to poverty reduction and increase in economic growth. However, despite all the advantages of globalization there are certain disadvantages of globalization such as the domestic firms lose their power in the local market with the emergence of foreign competition. There has been integration among the nations that is both qualitative as well as quantitative integration in the international trading system. However, globalisation has offered a lot of opportunities in China. As the paper outlines the globalisation in China has led to an increase in FDI and foreign trade that has further raised the opportunity of FDI inflow and outflow in China. The country’s dependence on foreign tr ade has increased rapidly and China started participating in international trade due to the exchange of goods and services. As a result of globalisation, China has received a lot of fund for carrying out the production activities and there has been technological development as well as establishing new industries. The study suggests that China has become the third largest trading nation after the United States and Germany.  

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

A Capstone Experience(Market Position Analysis)2 sony corrporation Assignment

A Capstone Experience(Market Position Analysis)2 sony corrporation - Assignment Example Stakeholders across various segments of the market have overtime ascertained that the products and services of Sony Corporation are of high quality. Because of the high quality of goods and services that they produce, the prices of the products are rather expensive. For this reason, therefore, various stakeholders have normally argued that the target audience for Sony Corporation is the high-income earners (Luh, 2003). This is majorly because both the low and middle-income earners normally tend to focus on satisfying their basic needs after which they are left with fewer funds that do not meet the purchasing price of most of the products of Sony Corporation. Similarly, the organization has focused its sales on those living in the urban regions. Even though some of their customers originate from rural regions, they normally feel left out. Due to the event that Sony Corporation is always interested in ensuring that it reaches its customers as fast as possible, the organization has overtime adopted appropriate strategies that have helped them in delivering their products and services to their customers within the designated period. The first strategy that the organization has always adopted is advertisements and promotions. These have often fostered efficient communication between the customers and the Corporation. Similarly, such moves have normally provided answers to the customers regarding the features of the different types of products that the organization offers to its larger customer base. Despite most of the products of Sony Corporation being available in Supermarkets and Various retail stores, the organization has always used different distributors in various towns. In regions where they enjoy a large share of the market like Mumbai and New Delhi, the Corporation has four different distributors. These are Son y World and Sony Centre, who just as illustrated above play an integral role in ensuring that the connection between the customers

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Equipment & Systems Engineering Essay Example for Free

Equipment Systems Engineering Essay Product overview CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) enables organizations to optimize their manufacturing plant layout. This product is one piece of Dassaults integrated Digital Manufacturing Solutions. It deals specifically with the spatial organization and components of the plant, allowing quick easy layout and downstream evolution of the layout design. Through the CATIA V5 integrated product environment, users have a seamless solution to address all their manufacturing environment needs. They have the tools necessary to optimize production facility layout, leading to optimized factory production and output. CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) provides an accessible solution for departments of small and medium enterprises. Its friendliness, intuitiveness, and ease of use makes it possible for inexperienced users to use the system with a minimal cost of implementation. The complete layout of the facility can be driven almost completely with the mouse and the product has a user interface that helps users make the transition from traditional 2D layout to 3D. With the intelligence behind the V5 Plant Layout model, plant designers and systems layout design teams can identify and solve problems with the layout or production process long before equipment is installed or moved inside the plant. The software enables users to not only complete designs faster, but also to significantly improve the quality of their designs. Today, every manufacturing company is looking for new methods to reduce the time it takes to ramp-up, reduce the number of problems on the production floor including downtime, and get products to market faster. Dassaults Digital Manufacturing Solutions, which include the CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) product line, assist companies in achieving these objectives. CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) , together with Dassault Data Management offerings, gives users the power to manage their plant layouts and associated components from initial design to plant operations, in a way that is easily adapted to how the customer works. Product Highlights Includes an optimized user interface for easy maneuverability and layout design iteration Provides an easy tool to define pathway route for preliminary space claim. Provides optimized tools for quick and easy layout of complex configurations.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Arrogant Attitude of Griffins Black Like Me Essay -- Black Like Me Ess

In The South John Howard Griffin’s chronicled experiences as a black man in his book, â€Å"Black Like Me† is an arrogant if well meaning book. It is arrogant because a 28 day experiment does not compare to the years (especially when learning right from wrong) of prolonged discrimination and racism suffered by African-Americans in the southern United States during the 1950’s. Consider being treated not as a 2nd class citizen, but as a 10th class citizen. Consider being in front of a washroom, but to be told it is for whites only and that you must go to the other side of town to use a â€Å"coloured† washroom. Consider not being allowed to do something just because a white man told you not to. Consider doing menial labor your entire life, even though you have a university education. Consider being an African-American. Those are just some of the hardships that African-Americans in (Specifically but not limited to) the Southern United States. Griffin had the opportunity to go to university and the theatre and all the finer things in life. He had a big house and a cushy job in the sub... Arrogant Attitude of Griffin's Black Like Me Essay -- Black Like Me Ess In The South John Howard Griffin’s chronicled experiences as a black man in his book, â€Å"Black Like Me† is an arrogant if well meaning book. It is arrogant because a 28 day experiment does not compare to the years (especially when learning right from wrong) of prolonged discrimination and racism suffered by African-Americans in the southern United States during the 1950’s. Consider being treated not as a 2nd class citizen, but as a 10th class citizen. Consider being in front of a washroom, but to be told it is for whites only and that you must go to the other side of town to use a â€Å"coloured† washroom. Consider not being allowed to do something just because a white man told you not to. Consider doing menial labor your entire life, even though you have a university education. Consider being an African-American. Those are just some of the hardships that African-Americans in (Specifically but not limited to) the Southern United States. Griffin had the opportunity to go to university and the theatre and all the finer things in life. He had a big house and a cushy job in the sub...

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Dukwane’s deliverance Essay

Being different is not always bad. It can as well mean to be capable of doing something others wouldn’t have done, to have a dream of becoming something that extends beyond your social environment. But it can be a complicated road to achieving this dream and you can meet different obstacles that need to be overcome. Sometimes deliverance is the answer. This is the situation presented in the short story â€Å"Dukwane’s deliverance†, written by Neil Ramsorrum, where the boy, Dukwane, looses the ability to walk while having a plan on attending Cambridge University. He has to deal with the fact that he is a black teenage, who lives in a society where most people are white and despite that he is a cripple as well. The main theme is reflected in this confrontation with difficulties, and tells never to give up on your dreams. The protagonist Dukwane is a black teenager, who lives with his father and mother in Camden. His family are not particularly wealthy, which is indicated by the fact that he works six shifts a week in a non-fancy fast-food restaurant. Another indication of this is the father’s choice of occupation, â€Å"As he looked at his father sat there, his bottom shirt button open and exposing his belly overhanging his trousers, he felt a sense of sadness, but also a determination to be more†. Dukwane wants to be more than his father, who is overweight and sits in front of the television all day. This ambition is a characteristic thing about him. Dukwane is not like other people in his social environment. He is an intelligent teenager, who is going to attend Cambridge University, which you can argue is an uncommon decision among his friends and family. Dukwane’s friend, Jermaine, questions Dukwane’s decision. â€Å"Well, they are all loaded, and white, I heard you get the cane from your teachers if you don’t do your work. And the older guys are gay and make the younger ones do weird shit†. He presents some negative prejudices about the university. He doesn’t think it is a place for him and wonders why he wants to attend. However Dukwane is determined to attend Cambridge University and later on becoming a politician just like Barak Obama, his big idol. Dukwane is furthermore a very courageous teenager who wants to do the right thing. â€Å"Dukwane gets up first, his hand raised to try and calm the gang of four, instinctively he places his body between the kid and his pursers†. He chooses to protect the child from getting caught and  ends up being stabbed himself. â€Å"You always do the right thing†, is what Jermaine said afterwards and even after the suggestion of revenge Dukwane does the right thing and refuses. But despite being different he is as well a part of the social environment. â€Å"†Melones hugos! Nice,† said Dukwane in what he imagined was a Spanish accent. â€Å"That’s all you think about.†Ã¢â‚¬  His use of colloquial language indicates that he can act as the others when the situation comes. The story is told with a third person narrator, who has a limited omniscient point of view. This means that the reader sees the events and other characters from Dukwane’s point of view. This way of telling a story involves the reader more than an â€Å"all knowing† third person narrator by giving the narrator an identity and makes it more interesting for the reader because everything becomes possible when the narrator isn’t â€Å"all knowing†. You can other than that say that the reader is involved due the knowledge of Dukwane’s thoughts and feelings. â€Å"He hears the sound after he feels it. Almost like the release of air, his body no longer in his control, falling to the pavement again. He feels the blood but cannot lift his head to see it. All he can see is the blur of neon fading†. The narrator has a limited point of view, and therefore the reader has a limited insight, which creates intensity and therefore becomes interesting. Another thing that creates this intensity is the change in tense. The scene where the quotation is chosen from is in the present tense, whereas the rest of the story is in the present tense. The author’s choice of using this tense combined with short sentences separated by commas and mimicking sudden motion creates a vivid setting, where the reader is involved. This leads to the setting of the short story. Dukwane lives as said in a less wealthy environment just outside London and there are different indications that tell about this environment. The social setting is mostly conveyed through the use of social- and class markers and the colloquial language, which Dukwane and his friends use. First of all there is the non-fancy restaurant, where the customers aren’t taken that serious. â€Å"†Pretty much. Except when I’m thinking about ass. You should try it.  £2.99, boss†Ã¢â‚¬ , here Jermaine is addressing Dukwane, but in the last  sentence he addresses a costumer. Usually the focus is at the costumer when you are at work in order to show your manners. His action and language indicates that they are a part of the lower social class, where manners aren’t very important. Another class marker is the hospital Dukwane is in. â€Å"Dukwane turned on the TV console above his bed.  £3.50 per day to watch the BBC† You don’t usually pay money for watching TV at a hospital, and it is totally absurd in comparison to the Danish hospitals, so the hospital isn’t fancy. Furthermore you can say that the environment is multicultural. â€Å"You know the Bengalis my cousin Frank hangs out with?† The fact that the protagonist himself is black, and that there are people from Bangladesh indicates that the area is multicultural. An interesting thing about the setting is that it also reflects Dukwane’s mood and the atmosphere. â€Å"As he stepped out onto Yorks Way, the sun was setting over Kings Cross in the distance, a crimson candyfloss sky broken by a dozen cranes all busy building his city.† He is happy that he got into Cambridge and the beautiful sunset and candyfloss sky create an atmosphere and reflect his mood. Moreover there is a contrast between he metallic machines and the fluffy candyfloss sky, which distinguish between the magical unrealistic sky and the rough capability and power of the cranes. The setting shows the distinction between what Dukwane already has and what he searches for, from the less wealthy environment to the large city of London. The theme of the short story is that you shouldn’t give up your dream despite the obstacles that can occur on your way to achieving it. â€Å"You are going to do what you always wanted to do. Do you hear†, â€Å"By your wits and sheer persistence. This is what makes us rise above other men, it is how we face adversity; how we challenge those who hold us back, how we make real our dream†. This is what the imaginary Barack Obama said to Dukwane, when he was given morphine to ease his pain. This quotation reflects the main theme of the story with precision. The short story â€Å"Dukwane’s deliverance† is about a bright black teenage boy, who is admitted to Cambridge University but unfortunately becomes paralyzed in his legs. He wants to be more than his father; he wants to break the social heritage in a multicultural area where people aren’t particularly wealthy, which is reflected in the social setting and the colloquial language. The setting shows as well this distinction between the two environments and what Dukwane has and wants to achieve. Nothing will stop him from achieving his dream neither as a poor black man nor a cripple.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Childhood and Pg

How did Eddie die and why did he put himself in such danger? (pg. 15) he got smashed by a fiberglass cart from the drop nd to save a little girl Today is Eddie's Birthday (#1) What decade in the 1900s was Eddie born? (pg. 19) in the 1920s Chapter 2: The Journey Did Eddie die trying to save the little girl? (pg. 21) Did Eddie save the little girl? (pg. 1) yes, we dont know Why do you think Eddie doesn't feel worry or pain?Explain your answer. (pg. 22)its a earthly feeling Today is Eddie's Birthday (#2)How old is Eddie? And what is his party like? (pgs. 23-25)eddie is 5 it was fun with cake and he whore a cowboy costume Chapter 3: The Arrival Where does Eddie wake up? How is it different from what he remembered at the end of his life? (pgs. 26-27) ruby pier, old rides are still there How is Eddied different? What can he do that he hadn't done (or been able to do) for years? (pgs. 27-28) he can run At the end of the chapter, who is waiting for Eddie? (pg. 31). the blue man Chapter 4: Th e First Person Eddie Meets in Heaven Why does Eddie feel like a child? pg. 32) Hes back at his childhood place Where does the Blue Man tell Eddie he is? (pg. 34) In Heavan Why isn't Eddie happy with the answer? (pg. 34) He didnt want to believe it, he doesnt think that place is heavan According to the Blue Man, what is the purpose of heaven and how does it tie into the title: The Five People You Meet in Heaven? (pg. 35) (important to the novel's theme) To explain your life on earth What killed the Blue Man? (pg. 36) Eddie did. Based upon what you know about Eddie thus far, how do you think the Blue Man's evelation about who killed him affected Eddie?Explain your answer. yes he felt guilty Today is Eddie's Birthday (#3)Based upon what happened in this section, who is braver: Eddie or Joe? Explain why. He gets the ball nd Joe runs off like a little Describe the Blue Man's childhood. Why doesn't his father care for him? (pgs. 39-40) he was shy and fidgety, He was ashamed of him for emb arassing him Why is the Ruby Pier in the 1920s the Blue Man's heaven? (pg. 42) he felt accepted Today is Eddie's Birthday (#4) Where does Eddie unwillingly go on his 8th birthday? he had to Childhood and Pg By hhectr64

Thursday, November 7, 2019

List of the Ten Least Visited National Parks

List of the Ten Least Visited National Parks The United States is home to 58 different national parks and over 300 units or areas such as national monuments and national seashores that are protected by the National Park Service. The first national park to come into existence in the U.S. was Yellowstone (located in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) on March 1, 1872. Today, it is one of the most visited parks in the country. Other popular parks in the U.S. include Yosemite in California, the Grand Canyon in Arizona and the Great Smoky Mountains in Tennessee and North Carolina.Each of these parks sees millions of visitors each year. There are many other national parks in the U.S. however that receive far fewer annual visitors. The following is a list of the ten least visited national parks through August 2009. The list is arranged by the number of visitors in that year and begins with the least visited park in the U.S. Information was obtained from the Los Angeles Times article, Americas Hidden Gems: The 20-Least Crowded National Parks in 2009.1) Kobuk Valley National ParkNumber of Visitors: 1,250Location: Alaska2) National Park of American SamoaNumber of Visitors: 2,412Location: American Samoa3) Lake Clark National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 4,134Location: Alaska4) Katmai National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 4,535Location: Alaska5) Gates of the Arctic National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 9,257Location: Alaska6) Isle Royale National ParkNumber of Visitors: 12,691Location: Michigan7) North Cascades National ParkNumber of Visitors: 13,759Location: Washington8) Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 53,274Location: Alaska9) Great Basin National ParkNumber of Visitors: 60,248Location: Nevada10) Congaree National ParkNumber of Visitors: 63,068Location: South CarolinaTo learn more about national parks, visit the official website of the National Park Service. References Ramos, Kelsey. (n.d.). Americas Hidden Gems: The 20 Least Crowded National Parks in 2009. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from: latimes.com/travel/la-tr-national-parks-least-visited-pg,0,1882660.photogallery

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

6 steps on the path to finding your purpose

6 steps on the path to finding your purpose In his commencement speech to the graduating class at Harvard University this past May, Facebook Founder Mark Zuckerberg spoke about the need for purpose. He told graduating seniors, â€Å"Purpose is that sense that we are part of something bigger than ourselves, that we are needed, that we have something better ahead to work for. Purpose is what creates true happiness†¦But it’s not enough to have purpose yourself. You have to create a sense of purpose for others.† Then he went on to describe how his purpose, creating the site that would become Facebook, wasn’t just a way for him to connect to other students- it was a way to connect the entire world. To find your purpose and find meaning in your career, it’s not enough to do stuff that you like or that is important to you. The deeper meaning of purpose, the thing that makes it all worthwhile, is more than just helping yourself thrive and succeed. The most successful and fulfilled people make life easi er or better- for everyone. Bottom line: personal success doesn’t matter that much.If you’re having trouble identifying your purpose, try some of these useful tips.1. Don’t overthink it- just take action.The less you dither and weigh your options and the more you just take big leaps out into the world, the better off you’ll be. Start actually taking steps toward your goals, rather than just daydreaming about doing so. You’ll get out of your own way and come to find out faster what is and isn’t working, and what does and doesn’t matter to you in your life’s pursuit. Action and experience = results.2. Listen to your heart.You know that pesky voice deep within that keeps shouting â€Å"This is what I want to do when I grow up!†? Listen to it. Your heart is both your conscience and your best barometer for what you really want. Let it motivate you to push yourself and explore your opportunities and options.3. Let go of  "The One.†Just like you might fall in love with more than one person over the course of your life, realize that you might fall in love with more than one job, or industry, or career. Be open to things changing and evolving. Focus on doing meaningful things that get you closer to your goals, but be flexible enough to realize when old goals no longer serve who you are and who you want to be.4. Make a vision board.Create something visible that you can refer to when your inspiration needs a boost. Put up aspirational images- ideals of where you want to land in the next few years. What does your life look like when you surround yourself with images that are most attractive to you? Let yourself be free to chose what you are drawn to, then look at it periodically for patterns. You’ll be amazed when themes begin to make themselves clear.5. Study yourself like a subject.What are your hobbies? What can’t you wait to get through your daily tasks to do in your free time? Wha t do you post most about on social media? Observe yourself from an outside perspective and see what you can discern.6. Research what you love.Finding your purpose is more than just figuring out what you are drawn to. You have to learn everything you can about those things. Become an expert. Make sure you know the ins and outs well enough to know whether you could be truly happy spending so many hours of your life and precious energy devoted to that path.The sooner you understand what drives you, the sooner you can orchestrate your life to work toward it. Then, when you pour your energy into that one thing you were made to do, you can use it to help and inspire everyone around you.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Write an interesting scientific article on delayed suprachoroidal

Write an interesting scientific on delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage following cyclodiode laser therapy - Article Example It is highly successful in providing pain relief in painful blind hypertensive glaucomatous eyes (Martin 2001). It is also useful to bring down intra ocular pressures in pregnancy where use of topical ocular hypotensive agents are contraindicated (Wertheim 2002). A longer follow up by Walland and Mark (2000) has suggested that cyclophotocoagulation is a convenient and useful therapy in the control of IOP in end-stage glaucoma. Like any other laser surgery, cyclodiode therapy also has side effects, but the complications are minimal when compared to other forms of treatment (Bloom 1997). Mild complications include iritis and other inflammations of the eye which can last several weeks. This can be of concern because multiple applications may be needed for a patient (Bloom 1997). Rarely, severe complications like phthisis bulbi (Sabri 1999), panophthalmitis (Sii 2007), sympathetic ophthalmia, malignant glaucoma (Fankhauser, 2004), necrotizing scleritis (Sudha 2006), choroidal detachment and retinal detachment (Autrata 2003) can also occur. Sabri and Vernon have reported a case of scleral perforation following diode surgery (Sabri 1999) while Tay and others (2006) have described about supra choroidal haemorrhage (late complication). In neovascular glaucoma, response of intra ocular pressure to the laser therapy is highly variable and hence circumferential treatments in neovascular eyes should be avoided (Walla nd, 2000). Suprachoroidal haemorrhage (SCH) is a catastrophic complication of intraocular surgery. The bleeding is usually due to the rupture of the long posterior ciliary artery (Wolter 1982). It can cause immediate loss of vision or loss of the eye (Sharma, YR, 2003). It has been associated with cataract surgery, penetrating keratoplasty, glaucoma procedures, vitreoretinal surgery (Tay 2006) and secondary lens implantation (Reynolds 1993). The haemorrhage can occur during surgery (intra-operative) or post-operative (delayed).